View source for 2011 Egyptian revolution

{{complex|date=December 2011}}
[[File:Day of Anger marchers with out signs.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Protesters marching on The Day of Anger.]]

In the '''2011 Egyptian revolution''', many [[demonstration]]s and [[riot]]s were held in [[Egypt]]. It is also called '''The Day of Anger''' and '''The Day of Revolt'''. It started on January 25, 2011.

Before the demonstrations began, there was an [[Tunisian revolution|uprising]] in [[Tunisia]]. In the weeks after that, demonstrations and riots began in Egypt. The people who started these protests hoped that people would be encouraged to mobilize (or start working together to protest) because of the Tunisian uprising. Protests happened in [[Cairo]], [[Alexandria]], [[Suez]] and [[Ismailiya]]. 

On the first day of the protests, the Egyptian government [[censorship|censored]] most of the [[media]] (like newspapers and news stations) inside Egypt. The government also tried to block most [[social media websites]], which the protesters had used to spread news about the events.<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/Egypt-shutdown-worst-in-Internet-history-experts/Article1-656019.aspx Egypt shutdown worst in Internet history: experts - Hindustan Times]</ref> On January 28, an [[Internet]] and [[cell phone]] "blackout" began across Egypt. However, before dawn the next morning, the blackout for cell phones was ended.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/01/28/egypt-nationwide-internet-blackout-endangers-rights Egypt: Nationwide Internet Blackout Endangers Rights &#124; Human Rights Watch]</ref>

By January 29, about 1,000 people had been arrested. Also, at least 1,030 protestors had been hurt, and at least 53 deaths had been reported.<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/01/201112974149942894.html Thousands in Cairo defy curfew - Middle East - Al Jazeera English] {{WebCite|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5w6N48d0h|date =2011-01-29}}</ref><ref>[http://live.reuters.com/Event/Unrest_in_Egypt Unrest in Egypt &#124; Liveblog live blogging &#124; Reuters.com] {{WebCite|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5w6N48d2X|date =2011-01-29}}</ref><ref>[http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/least-1000-arrested-during-ongoing-anger-demonstrations At least 1000 arrested during ongoing 'Anger' demonstrations &#124; Egypt Independent] {{WebCite|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5w6N48cu0|date =2011-01-29}}</ref>

People demonstrated and protested about many different things. Some of these things were [[police brutality]], [[state of emergency]] laws, not having [[free elections]], [[Political corruption|corruption]], limits on [[freedom of speech]], high [[unemployment]], low [[minimum wages]], not having enough housing, [[food inflation|food price inflation]], and poor living conditions.<ref name="Egypt braces for nationwide protests">{{cite web|author=Jailan Zayan |url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hP30nA0bbEaHZKjlpUKhdHxoN8Cg?docId=CNG.95111380dfbe35f8a08d6124c5e915e8.71 |title=AFP – Egypt braces for nationwide protests |publisher=AFP |date=2011-01-25 |accessdate= 2011-01-25}}</ref>

[[Mohamed ElBaradei]] said that one of the revolution's goals could be to force [[Hosni Mubarak]] to quit.<ref name="Egyptians should copy Tunisian revolt">{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5joGJ9JWnttO1zBMsqU8wJqD2qscA?docId=CNG.7ffd4f2e62ccb3576e8e09bd39028670.721|title=AFP – ElBaradei: Egyptians should copy Tunisian revolt |publisher=AFP |date=2011-01-25 |accessdate= 2011-01-25}}</ref> ElBaradei was seen as someone who would probably be a leader in a new government.

Before 2011, protests were common, but they were always local; they did not spread to different parts of the country. However, on January 25, 2011, major protests and riots broke out all over the country. January 25 became the "Day of Anger". Egyptian opposition groups (groups working for change) and other [[activist]]s had picked this date for a major demonstration.<ref name="Egypt braces for nationwide protests"/> The 2011 protests have been called "unprecedented" for Egypt.<ref name="Dan Murphy 0125">{{cite news
| last=  Murphy
| first=  Dan
| url=  http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Backchannels/2011/0125/Inspired-by-Tunisia-Egypt-s-protests-appear-unprecedented
| title= Inspired by Tunisia, Egypt's protests appear unprecedented
| publisher= The Christian Science Monitor
| date= January 25, 2011
| accessdate= | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5w6N48cuS |archivedate= 2011-01-29 |deadurl=no}}</ref> This means that nothing like the protests had ever happened before. The protests have also been called "the largest display of popular dissatisfaction in recent memory".<ref name="MONA EL-NAGGAR">{{cite news
| author =  Kareem Fahim and Mona El-Nagaar
| url=  https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/26/world/middleeast/26egypt.html
| title= Violent Clashes Mark Protests Against Mubarak’s Rule
| publisher= The New York Times
| date= January 25, 2011
| accessdate= }}</ref>  These were the largest demonstrations seen in Egypt since the [[1977 Egyptian Bread Riots]].<ref name="MONA EL-NAGGAR"/> For the first time, Egyptians from different social backgrounds, economic backgrounds, and faiths joined together to protest.<ref name="MONA EL-NAGGAR"/><ref name="nytimes2">{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/27/world/middleeast/27opposition.html |title=Egyptian Youths Drive the Revolt against Mubarak |date=27 January 2011 |accessdate= 27 January 2011 |work= New York Times, nytimes.com }}</ref>

During the protests, the capitol city of [[Cairo]] was described as "a war zone".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/global/blog/2011/jan/25/middleeast-tunisia |title=Protests in Egypt and unrest in Middle East – as it happened |date=25 January 2011 |accessdate= 26 January 2011 |publisher=Guardian newspaper |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5w6N48cus |archivedate= 2011-01-29| deadurl=no}}</ref> In the port city of [[Suez]], there were many violent clashes. The Egyptian government used different methods to try to break up and limit protests. Anti-riot police groups used shields, rubber bullets, batons, water cannons, and [[tear gas]]. At times, they also used live [[ammunition]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2044923,00.html |title= Crisis in Cairo: The Latest from Egypt in Turmoil |accessdate= 29 January 2011 |date= 28 January 2011 | publisher=Time Magazine}}</ref><!--ref only covers live ammo--> Most of the police response to the protests was non-lethal. However, some people were killed.<ref name="Live Reuters updates on Egypt situation">{{cite web |url= http://live.reuters.com/Event/Unrest_in_Egypt |title=UNREST IN EGYPT |author= |date=28 January 2011 |work= |publisher= Reuters |accessdate= 28 January 2011 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5w6N48d2X |archivedate= 2011-01-29| deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name="rawstory.com">{{cite web |last= Tencer |first=Daniel |url= http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2011/01/reports-massacre-suez-protests-egypt |title=Reports of ‘massacre’ in Suez as protests in Egypt move into third day |publisher=Raw Story |date= 2011-01-14 |accessdate=2011-01-28 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5w6N48ctZ |archivedate= 2011-01-29 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name="guardianlive">{{cite web |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2011/jan/26/egypt-protests#block-11 |title=Egypt protests live blog |date=26 January 2011 |accessdate= 26 January 2011 |publisher=The Guardian |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5w6N6z3Vv |archivedate= 2011-01-29 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name="CBC News">{{cite news |url= http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2011/01/26/cairo-police-protest.html |title=Egypt protests claims two more lives |date=26 January 2011 |accessdate= 26 Jan 2011 |publisher= CBC News |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5w6N48ctr |archivedate = 2011-01-29 |deadurl=no}}</ref> The government turned off [[internet]] access and set a [[curfew]].<ref>[http://www.voanews.com/english/news/middle-east/Internet-Shut-Down-as-Egypt-Braces-for-Huge-Protests-114786364.html Voice of America 'A Trusted Source'] {{WebCite|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5w6N48cvJ|date =2011-01-29}}</ref> The government argued that they needed to make sure there was as little disruption from the protests as possible. They said this was needed to keep order and to keep [[Islamic fundamentalism |Islamic fundamentalist]] groups from rising up.<ref>{{cite book |last= Caraley |first= Demetrios |title= American hegemony: preventive war, Iraq, and imposing democracy |publisher= Academy of Political Science |date= April 2004 |isbn= 978-1-884853-04-3}}</ref>

Many people across the world became interested in the protests in Egypt. This was partly because of things like [[Twitter]], [[Facebook]], and [[YouTube]]. Activists, and people interested in the protests, were able to use these social media platforms, and others. They used these platforms to talk to each other, work together, and keep records of what was happening. As the protests got more publicity, the Egyptian government tried harder to limit people's access to the Internet, especially social media.

On February 11, 2011, Mubarak [[resignation |resigned]] from the presidency. On 24 May, he was ordered to stand trial on charges of premeditated murder of peaceful protesters. He was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment.

{{Commons category|Egyptian Revolution of 2011}}
== written about the revolution  ==
* The Egyptian [[revolution]], the Political writer [[Ahmed Ghanem]].
<ref>The number of deposit 11513 & 2012 National Library and National Archives, Egypt.</ref>
* [[book]] in French about the [[revolution]], it's name "''La révolution égyptienne''" written by [[Ahmed Ghanem]]

== Political activists ==
* [[Ahmed Ghanem]]
* [[Asmaa Mahfouz]]
* [[Israa Abdel-Fattah]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:2011 in Africa]]
[[Category:21st century in Egypt]]
[[Category:Revolutions]]
[[Category:Riots]]